Dihydroartemisinin is a potent anti-malaria agent.

Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) is an antimalarial agent. Dihydroartemisinin treatment effectively up-regulates the cytosolic RelA/p65 protein level and down-regulates the nuclear RelA/p65 protein level. Dihydroartemisinin blocks the nuclear translocation of RelA/p65 from the cytosol rather than suppressing RelA/p65 protein synthesis. Dihydroartemisinin induces autophagy in RPMI 8226 cells. Dihydroartemisinin suppresses NF-κB activation in RPMI 8226 cells. The NF-κB Dihydroartemisinin -binding activity is examined by EMSA assay. RPMI 8226 cells are exposed to various concentrations of Dihydroartemisinin (10, 20 and 40 μM) for 12 h, and TNF-α is introduced as a positive control for NF-κB activation. Dihydroartemisinin suppresses NF-κB activation in a dose-dependent manner in contrast with TNF-α^[1]. Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) can enhance the anti-tumor effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on esophageal cancer cells, and cell viability is investigated using the MTT assay. Eca109 and Ec9706 cells are treated with Dihydroartemisinin (80 μM), PDT (25 and 20 J/cm², respectively) or their combination. Single treatment with Dihydroartemisinin or PDT causes a 37±5% or 34±6% reduction in viability in Eca109 cells and a 33±7% or 34±6% reduction in Ec9706 cells, respectively. However, when PDT is combined with Dihydroartemisinin, the cell viability is reduced 59±6% or 61±7% in the cell lines, respectively^[2].

Shanghai Jinpan Biotech Co Ltd has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Single oral doses of Dihydroartemisinin (at 200, 300, 400 or 600 mg/kg), given once on each of day 6-8 post-infection, reduce total-worm burdens by 69.2%-90.6% and female-worm burdens by 62.2%-92.2%, depending on dosage in the first experiment. Similar treatments given on day 34-36 post-infection reduce total-worm burdens by 73.9%-85.5% and female-worm burdens by 83.8%-95.3%^[3].

Shanghai Jinpan Biotech Co Ltd has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

284.35

C₁₅H₂₄O₅

71939-50-9

双氢青蒿素；二氢青蒿素

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

DMSO : 41.67 mg/mL (146.54 mM; Need ultrasonic)

请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。
储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month。-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。

请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解方案。以下溶解方案都请先按照 In Vitro 方式配制澄清的储备液，再依次添加助溶剂：

——为保证实验结果的可靠性，澄清的储备液可以根据储存条件，适当保存；体内实验的工作液，建议您现用现配，当天使用； 以下溶剂前显示的百
分比是指该溶剂在您配制终溶液中的体积占比；如在配制过程中出现沉淀、析出现象，可以通过加热和/或超声的方式助溶

• 1.

  请依序添加每种溶剂： 10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% saline

  Solubility: 2.08 mg/mL (7.31 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic and warming

  此方案可获得 2.08 mg/mL (7.31 mM) 的均匀悬浊液，悬浊液可用于口服和腹腔注射。

  以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 20.8 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中，混合均匀；向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80，混合均匀；然后继续加入 450 μL生理盐水定容至 1 mL。

  将 0.9 g 氯化钠，完全溶解于 100 mL ddH₂O 中，得到澄清透明的生理盐水溶液

• 2.

  请依序添加每种溶剂： 10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)

  Solubility: 2.08 mg/mL (7.31 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic and warming

  此方案可获得 2.08 mg/mL (7.31 mM) 的澄清溶液。

  以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 20.8 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 900 μL 20% 的 SBE-β-CD 生理盐水水溶液中，混合均匀。

  将 2 g 磺丁基醚 β-环糊精加入 5 mL 生理盐水中，再用生理盐水定容至 10 mL，完全溶解，澄清透明
• 3.

  请依序添加每种溶剂： 10% DMSO    90% corn oil

  Solubility: 2.08 mg/mL (7.31 mM); Clear solution; Need warming

  此方案可获得 2.08 mg/mL (7.31 mM) 的澄清溶液，此方案不适用于实验周期在半个月以上的实验。

  以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 20.8 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 900 μL玉米油中，混合均匀。

• [1]. Hu W, et al. Dihydroartemisinin induces autophagy by suppressing NF-κB activation. Cancer Lett. 2014 Feb 28;343(2):239-48.

  [2]. Li HJ, et al. Dihydroartemisinin-praziquantel combinations and multiple doses of dihydroartemisinin in the treatment of Schistosoma japonicum in experimentally infected mice. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2011 Jun;105(4):329-33.

  [3]. Li YJ, et al. Dihydroartemisinin accentuates the anti-tumor effects of photodynamic therapy via inactivation of NF-κB in Eca109 and Ec9706 esophageal cancer cells. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2014;33(5):1527-36.

To determine NF-κB Dihydroartemisinin-binding activity, an electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) is performed. Nuclear extracts are prepared and incubated with ³²P-end-labeled 45-mer double-stranded oligonucleotide (15 μg protein with 16 fmol DNA) from the HIV long terminal repeat, 5′-TTGTTACAAGGGACTTTCCGCTG GGGACTTTCCAGGGAGGCGTGG-3′ (boldface indicates NF-κB binding sites), for 30 min at 37 °C. The Dihydroartemisinin-protein complex formed is separated from free oligonucleotide on 6.6% native polyacrylamide gels. A double-stranded mutated oligonucleotide, 5′-TTGTTACAA CTCACTTTCCGCTGCTCACTTTCCAGGGAGGCGTGG-3′, is used to examine binding specificity of NF-κB to the DNA. The binding specificity is also examined by competition with the unlabeled oligonucleotide. Preimmune serum (PIS) is included as a negative control. The dried gels are visualized with a Storm 820, and radioactive bands are quantified using Imagequant software^[1].

Shanghai Jinpan Biotech Co Ltd has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Eca109 (4×10³ cells/well) and Ec9706 (5×10³ cells/well) cells are grown in 96-well plates and cultured overnight to allow for cell attachment. Eca109 and Ec9706 cells are treated with Dihydroartemisinin (80 μM), PDT (25 and 20 J/cm², respectively) or their combination. After incubation for 24h, MTT (20 μL) is added to each well and incubated for 4 h at 37°C. Formazan crystals are dissolved in 150 μL of DMSO for 10 min with shaking. The absorbance is measured at 490 nm on a plate reader, and the experiment is repeated three times^[2].

Shanghai Jinpan Biotech Co Ltd has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Mice^[3]
Mice of the Kunming strain, each weighing 20-24 g, are used. In the first experiment, design to investigate the effect of multiple doses of Dihydroartemisinin on the schistosomula and adult worms of S. japonicum, mice are given three daily doses, of 200, 300, 400 or 600 mg Dihydroartemisinin/kg (in dose volumes of 25 mL/kg), on days 6-8 or 34-36 post-infection, respectively. An additional group of mice, infected but not given the drug, serve as a control.

Shanghai Jinpan Biotech Co Ltd has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

• [1]. Hu W, et al. Dihydroartemisinin induces autophagy by suppressing NF-κB activation. Cancer Lett. 2014 Feb 28;343(2):239-48.

  [2]. Li HJ, et al. Dihydroartemisinin-praziquantel combinations and multiple doses of dihydroartemisinin in the treatment of Schistosoma japonicum in experimentally infected mice. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2011 Jun;105(4):329-33.

  [3]. Li YJ, et al. Dihydroartemisinin accentuates the anti-tumor effects of photodynamic therapy via inactivation of NF-κB in Eca109 and Ec9706 esophageal cancer cells. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2014;33(5):1527-36.