Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiology, including neuronal activity, vascular function, platelet aggregation, and blood cell regulation^[1][2].

Adenosine (Adenine riboside) acts on four G-protein coupled receptors: two of them, A1 and A3, are primarily coupled to Gi family G proteins; and two of them, A2A and A2B, are mostly coupled to Gs like G proteins. These receptors are antagonized by xanthines including caffeine. Via these receptors it affects many cells and organs, usually having a cytoprotective function^[2].
Adenosine is an extracellular signaling molecule that is generated from its precursor molecules 5’-adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and 5’-adenosine monophosphate (AMP)^[3].
Adenosine is a common metabolite of ATP, which exhibits cytotoxic effects at high concentrations.Adenosine (1.0-4.0 mM; 12-24 hours) inhibits cell viability and triggers ER stress in HepG2 cells^[4].
Adenosine induces apoptosis in a variety of cancer cells. Adenosine (2.0 mM; 12-24 hours) induces autophagy in HepG2 cells. In HepG2 cell lines, Adenosine -induced AMPK/mTOR pathway activation partially blocked ER stress and decreased apoptotic cell death^[4].

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

267.24

C₁₀H₁₃N₅O₄

58-61-7

腺苷

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

DMSO : 33.33 mg/mL (124.72 mM; Need ultrasonic)

H₂O : ≥ 6.67 mg/mL (24.96 mM)

* “≥” means soluble, but saturation unknown.

请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。
储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month。-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。

• [1]. Fredholm BB. Adenosine, an endogenous distress signal, modulates tissue damage and repair. Cell Death Differ. 2007;14(7):1315-1323.

  [2]. Borea PA, Gessi S, Merighi S, Vincenzi F, Varani K. Pharmacology of Adenosine Receptors: The State of the Art. Physiol Rev. 2018;98(3):1591-1625.

  [3]. Eltzschig HK. Adenosine: an old drug newly discovered. Anesthesiology. 2009;111(4):904-915.

  [4]. Zhou XT, et al. Inhibition of autophagy enhances adenosine induced apoptosis in human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells. Oncol Rep. 2019;41(2):829-838.