Glycyrrhizic acid is a triterpenoid saponinl, acting as a direct HMGB1 antagonist, with anti-tumor, anti-diabetic activities.

Glycyrrhizic acid shows a series of anti-cancer-related pharmacological activities, such as broad-spectrum anti-cancer ability, resistance to the tissue toxicity caused by chemotherapy and radiation, drug absorption enhancing effects and anti-multidrug resistance (MDR) mechanisms, as a carrier material in drug delivery systems^[1].
In intestinal NCI-H716 cells that secretes GLP-1, Glycyrrhizic acid promotes GLP-1 secretion with a marked elevation of calcium levels. Glycyrrhizic acid can enhance GLP-1 secretion through TGR5 activation^[2].
Glycyrrhizic acid can form a stable transparent low-molecular-weight hydrogels (LMWHs) at 37°C in physiological phosphate buffered saline (PBS) with nanoclusters as the microstructures^[4].

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

In type 1-like diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin (STZ-treated rats), Glycyrrhizic acid increases the level of plasma GLP-1, which is blocked by triamterene at a dose sufficient to inhibit Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5)^[1]. Glycyrrhizic acid (Glycyrrhizic acid; 50 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly decreases the levels of TgAb, HMGB1, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β in mice^[3].

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

822.93

C₄₂H₆₂O₁₆

1405-86-3

甘草酸；甘草皂甙；甘草甜素；强力宁；甘草皂苷

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

DMSO : 900 mg/mL (1093.65 mM; Need ultrasonic and warming)

H₂O : < 0.1 mg/mL (insoluble)

请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。
储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month。-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。

请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解方案。以下溶解方案都请先按照 In Vitro 方式配制澄清的储备液，再依次添加助溶剂：

——为保证实验结果的可靠性，澄清的储备液可以根据储存条件，适当保存；体内实验的工作液，建议您现用现配，当天使用； 以下溶剂前显示的百
分比是指该溶剂在您配制终溶液中的体积占比；如在配制过程中出现沉淀、析出现象，可以通过加热和/或超声的方式助溶

• 1.

  请依序添加每种溶剂：;10% DMSO ;; 40% PEG300 ;; 5% Tween-80 ;; 45% saline

  Solubility: ≥ 22.5 mg/mL (27.34 mM); Clear solution

  此方案可获得 ≥ 22.5 mg/mL (27.34 mM，饱和度未知) 的澄清溶液。

  以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 225.0 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中，混合均匀；向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80，混合均匀；然后继续加入 450 μL生理盐水定容至 1 mL。

  将 0.9 g 氯化钠，完全溶解于 100 mL ddH₂O 中，得到澄清透明的生理盐水溶液

• 2.

  请依序添加每种溶剂：;10% DMSO ;; 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)

  Solubility: 10 mg/mL (12.15 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

  此方案可获得 10 mg/mL (12.15 mM) 的均匀悬浊液，悬浊液可用于口服和腹腔注射。

  以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 100.0 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 900 μL 20% 的 SBE-β-CD 生理盐水水溶液中，混合均匀。

  将 2 g 磺丁基醚 β-环糊精加入 5 mL 生理盐水中，再用生理盐水定容至 10 mL，完全溶解，澄清透明
• 3.

  请依序添加每种溶剂：;10% DMSO ;; 90% corn oil

  Solubility: 10 mg/mL (12.15 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

  此方案可获得 10 mg/mL (12.15 mM) 的均匀悬浊液，悬浊液可用于口服和腹腔注射。

  以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 100.0 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 900 μL玉米油中，混合均匀。

• [1]. Su X, et al. Glycyrrhizic acid: A promising carrier material for anticancer therapy. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017 Sep 5;95:670-678

  [2]. Wang LY, et al. Glycyrrhizic acid increases glucagon like peptide-1 secretion via TGR5 activation in type 1-like diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017 Sep 4;95:599-604.

  [3]. Li C, et al. Glycyrrhizin, a Direct HMGB1 Antagonist, Ameliorates Inflammatory Infiltration in a Model of Autoimmune Thyroiditis via Inhibition of TLR2-HMGB1 Signaling. Thyroid. 2017 May;27(5):722-731.

  [4]. Xia Zhao, et al. A Simple Injectable Moldable Hydrogel Assembled from Natural Glycyrrhizic Acid with Inherent Antibacterial Activity. ACS Appl. Bio Mater. 2020, 3, 1, 648–653.

Mice^[3]
NOD.H-2^h4 mice are fed in the animal house until 4 weeks of age. A total of 24 male mice are then randomly separated into three different groups (n=8 per group). Mice in the control group are given sterile water without supplement. Mice in the iodine supplement (NaI) group are given 0.005% NaI in the drinking water. Mice in the NaI+Glycyrrhizic acid group are treated with 50 mg/kg Glycyrrhizic acid once daily for 4 weeks, administered via intraperitoneal injection after 8 weeks of iodine supplementation. Thyroid tissues are removed surgically under anesthesia, washed with cold saline, blotted on filter paper and weighed using an electronic balance. The thyroid gland tissues are then stored at -80°C until use^[3].

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

• [1]. Su X, et al. Glycyrrhizic acid: A promising carrier material for anticancer therapy. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017 Sep 5;95:670-678

  [2]. Wang LY, et al. Glycyrrhizic acid increases glucagon like peptide-1 secretion via TGR5 activation in type 1-like diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017 Sep 4;95:599-604.

  [3]. Li C, et al. Glycyrrhizin, a Direct HMGB1 Antagonist, Ameliorates Inflammatory Infiltration in a Model of Autoimmune Thyroiditis via Inhibition of TLR2-HMGB1 Signaling. Thyroid. 2017 May;27(5):722-731.

  [4]. Xia Zhao, et al. A Simple Injectable Moldable Hydrogel Assembled from Natural Glycyrrhizic Acid with Inherent Antibacterial Activity. ACS Appl. Bio Mater. 2020, 3, 1, 648–653.