Farrerol is a bioactive constituent of Rhododendron, with broad activities such as anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, neuroprotective and hepatoprotective effects^{[1][2][3][4][5][6]}.

Farrerol observably reduces the production of inflammatory mediators including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2, and iNOS in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells via suppressing AKT, ERK1/2, JNK1/2, and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation^[1].
Farrerol attenuates β-amyloid-induced oxidative stress and inflammation through Nrf2/Keap1 pathway in a microglia cell line^[2].
Farrerol inhibits angiogenesis through Akt/mTOR, Erk and Jak2/Stat3 signal pathway^[3].
Farrerol overcomes the invasiveness of lung squamous cell carcinoma cells by regulating the expression of inducers of epithelial mesenchymal transition^[4].
Farrerol ameliorates acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity via activation of Nrf2 and autophagy^[6].

Shanghai Jinpan Biotech Co Ltd has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Farrerol protects dopaminergic neurons in a rat model of lipopolysaccharide-induced Parkinson’s disease by suppressing the activation of the AKT and NF-κB signaling pathways^[5].

Shanghai Jinpan Biotech Co Ltd has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

300.31

C₁₇H₁₆O₅

24211-30-1

杜鹃素

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

4°C, protect from light

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

In Vitro: 

DMSO : 250 mg/mL (832.47 mM; Need ultrasonic)

*

请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。
储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)。-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。

In Vivo:

请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解方案。以下溶解方案都请先按照 In Vitro 方式配制澄清的储备液，再依次添加助溶剂：

——为保证实验结果的可靠性，澄清的储备液可以根据储存条件，适当保存；体内实验的工作液，建议您现用现配，当天使用； 以下溶剂前显示的百
分比是指该溶剂在您配制终溶液中的体积占比；如在配制过程中出现沉淀、析出现象，可以通过加热和/或超声的方式助溶

• 1.

  请依序添加每种溶剂： 10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% saline

  Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (6.93 mM); Clear solution

  此方案可获得 ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (6.93 mM，饱和度未知) 的澄清溶液。

  以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 20.8 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中，混合均匀；向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80，混合均匀；然后继续加入 450 μL生理盐水定容至 1 mL。

  将 0.9 g 氯化钠，完全溶解于 100 mL ddH₂O 中，得到澄清透明的生理盐水溶液

• 2.

  请依序添加每种溶剂： 10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)

  Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (6.93 mM); Clear solution

  此方案可获得 ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (6.93 mM，饱和度未知) 的澄清溶液。

  以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 20.8 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 900 μL 20% 的 SBE-β-CD 生理盐水水溶液中，混合均匀。

  将 2 g 磺丁基醚 β-环糊精加入 5 mL 生理盐水中，再用生理盐水定容至 10 mL，完全溶解，澄清透明
• 3.

  请依序添加每种溶剂： 10% DMSO    90% corn oil

  Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (6.93 mM); Clear solution

  此方案可获得 ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (6.93 mM，饱和度未知) 的澄清溶液，此方案不适用于实验周期在半个月以上的实验。

  以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 20.8 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 900 μL玉米油中，混合均匀。

• [1]. Ran X, et al. Farrerol Ameliorates TNBS-Induced Colonic Inflammation by Inhibiting ERK1/2, JNK1/2, and NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Jul 13;19(7).

  [2]. Cui B, et al. Farrerol attenuates β-amyloid-induced oxidative stress and inflammation through Nrf2/Keap1 pathway in a microglia cell line. Biomed Pharmacother. 2019 Jan;109:112-119.

  [3]. Dai F, et al. Farrerol inhibited angiogenesis through Akt/mTOR, Erk and Jak2/Stat3 signal pathway. Phytomedicine. 2016 Jun 15;23(7):686-93.

  [4]. Li B, et al. Farrerol overcomes the invasiveness of lung squamous cell carcinoma cells by regulating the expression of inducers of epithelial mesenchymal transition. Microb Pathog. 2019 Jun;131:277.

  [5]. Li Y, et al. Farrerol protects dopaminergic neurons in a rat model of lipopolysaccharide-induced Parkinson’s disease by suppressing the activation of the AKT and NF-κB signaling pathways. Int Immunopharmacol. 2019 Oct;75:105739.

  [6]. Wang L, et al. Farrerol Ameliorates APAP-induced Hepatotoxicity via Activation of Nrf2 and Autophagy. Int J Biol Sci. 2019 Jan 29;15(4):788-799.